The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match between the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.